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In 1863 Burton co-founded the Anthropological Society of London with Dr. The first translations into English, notably that by Edward Lane (1840, 1859), were highly abridged and heavily bowdlerised, which irritated Burton. One of the great Arabists of his day, he had long wanted to publish an unexpurgated version of the Arabian Nights stories. (See List of geological features on Enceladus.)īurton – an accomplished geographer, explorer, orientalist, ethnologist, diplomat, polylinguist and author – was best known in his lifetime for travelling in disguise to Mecca (1853) and for journeying (with John Hanning Speke) as the first European to visit the Great Lakes of Africa in search of the source of the Nile (1857–58). In 1982, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) began naming features on Saturn's moon Enceladus after characters and places in Burton's translation because “its surface is so strange and mysterious that it was given the Arabian Nights as a name bank, linking fantasy landscape with a literary fantasy”. His voluminous and obscurely detailed notes and appendices have been characterised as “obtrusive, kinky and highly personal”. Burton's 17 volumes, while boasting many prominent admirers, have been criticised for their "archaic language and extravagant idiom" and "obsessive focus on sexuality" they have even been called an "eccentric ego-trip" and a "highly personal reworking of the text". Burton's original ten volumes were followed by a further seven entitled The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night (1886–1888).
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Owing to the sexual imagery in the source texts (which Burton made a special study of, adding extensive footnotes and appendices on "Oriental" sexual mores) and to the strict Victorian laws on obscene material, both translations were printed as private editions for subscribers only, rather than being published in the usual manner. This, along with the fact that Burton closely advised Payne and partially based his books on Payne's, led later to charges of plagiarism. Burton's ten volume version was published almost immediately afterward with a slightly different title.
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and Ursula Lyons translation in 2008.īurton's translation was one of two unabridged and unexpurgated English translations done in the 1880s the first was by John Payne, under the title The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night (1882–1884, nine volumes). It stood as the only complete translation of the Macnaghten or Calcutta II edition (Egyptian recension) of the "Arabian Nights" until the Malcolm C. The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night (1885), subtitled A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights Entertainments, is an English language translation of One Thousand and One Nights (the Arabian Nights) – a collection of Middle Eastern and South Asian stories and folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age (8th−13th centuries) – by the British explorer and Arabist Richard Francis Burton (1821–1890). The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night